>> /GS0 125 0 R >> /Count 10 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] The Middle Classes have more effective choice because of their higher incomes, The Middle classes have more effective choice because of their greater cultural and social capital, Schools become more selective they are more likely to want pupils who are likely to do well. >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> endobj >> >> /Properties << >> >> They will maintain the schools position in the league tables and its status in the education market. /TT0 120 0 R 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R /ExtGState << /Last 114 0 R /Resources << /Rotate 0 /StructParents 80 /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 19 0 R << /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 6.0 for Word) /Type /Page /StructTreeRoot null /Resources << /Type /Page 89 0 obj /StructParents 67 /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 48 << /Properties << endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> /ExtGState << >> /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] What the sociologists call the parentocracy doesnt really exist in places where there are two rather than 20 local schools.. /Contents 240 0 R Parental choice directly affects the school budget every extra pupil means extra money for the school. /TT2 226 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page /Type /Page /TT1 226 0 R /Parent 11 0 R /Properties << >> This means that these schools can, Building on the above example The next best school then skims off the next best students and so on until the worst schools at the bottom just end up with the pupils who no one wants. /Font << /Font << /Type /Pages endobj endobj /Properties << endobj But perhaps the biggest weakness of the market has been the failure to guarantee enough good teachers and challenging schools that struggle in performance measures often find it the hardest to recruit good teachers. /Type /Catalog /Parent 14 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 226 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 121 0 R >> /Resources << /Font << /Parent 10 0 R /Parent 2 0 R /Annots [160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R 166 0 R 167 0 R 168 0 R 169 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> Because so many people do not have an education, when they get older, it is damaging their life and the world as a whole. /Next 19 0 R /ExtGState << Children can go to school with their childhood friends. The Education Reform Act, 1988, has been greeted as an ill wind by many sections of the educational establishment. /TT1 121 0 R /Resources << endobj >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R Alternative types of schooling in the UK Faith schools Independent Special schools Home schooling Task: Give a definition for each types of school and give at least three advantages and disadvantages. /Resources << >> /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT3 159 0 R >> /Parent 15 0 R >> >> << 152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R] >> 10 0 obj Marketisation is used to refer to a trend in education policy from the 1980s where schools were encouraged to compete against each other and act more like private businesses rather than institutions under the control of local government. /Resources << << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT1 121 0 R /Type /Page /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 58 0 obj /ExtGState << /ExtGState << /Last 19 0 R >> /Dest [24 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] /StructParents 29 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /Title /TT3 121 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R /Font << /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Lowering taxation and reducing government spending. /Parent 11 0 R << However, state-governed evaluations may soon come to an end. /TT0 120 0 R >> >> Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1944 Education Act (Butler Act), Comprehensive schooling 1965, Advantages and Disadvantages of comprehensive schools and more. /Type /Page /Contents 306 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Font << /Contents 247 0 R /GS0 125 0 R 115 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> The idea of applying the market to something that isnt a market has bedevilled this policy from the start, says Phillips. /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /StructParents 0 The students with disabilities, such as auditory processing . /Resources << /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R /Rotate 0 /Resources << /Contents 225 0 R Better local oversight of schools and stronger incentives for local collaboration, rather than national chains cherry picking little groups of schools, would be Phillips priorities. /Parent 17 0 R 103 0 obj /Rotate 0 For example, if a school is guaranteed the 500 local children will attend their school their would be minimal competition between schools i.e. /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R 37 0 obj >> endobj /Rotate 0 /TT2 226 0 R >> We have tripled the number of young people coming out of university with degrees but we havent increased substantially the number who are prepared to become teachers, says Gary Phillips. endobj 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. /Contents 269 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Top-down federal and state . >> /Rotate 0 /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 It would be premature to make judgements about the advantages and disadvantages of introducing neoliberal practices into education without giving serious consideration to the perceived benefits of this approach. /TT2 159 0 R 806 8067 22 /Parent 16 0 R Advantages: 1. >> /Type /Pages >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 11 0 R /TT1 121 0 R 98 0 obj /Resources << To make this word schools have been required to publish a prospectus which includes their examination and test results since 1988. 43 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 285 0 R /Type /Page Free schools are all-ability state-funded schools set up in response to what local people say they want and need in order to improve education for children in their community. /GS0 125 0 R >> /TT2 226 0 R >> >> << /Type /Page 91 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 2 0 R /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ExtGState << endobj 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R >> /Resources << 2 0 obj /Font << /Properties << /Properties << /GS0 125 0 R 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, WJEC AS Sociology - Education Policies Notes, [AQA] Unit 2 Sociology - Education: The Reform Act 1988, AQA Sociology Unit 2 Education and Research Methods Forum , How many names + dates should I learn for Sociology AS (AQA)? /TT2 226 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Those schools that dont perform so well will go out of business and either close down or be taken over by new management who will run things more efficiently. /StructParents 7 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Properties << /StructParents 78 >> endobj /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R >> >> Students might also be interested in this summary of all education policies (up to 2010). >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Count 78 Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. /TT1 226 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] You cant close down failing schools until they have completely collapsed their roll. /Parent 3 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 >> /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R 47 0 obj The act introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations for our contemporary competitive education system. /Resources << >> /TT2 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << >> >> 170 0 R 171 0 R 172 0 R 173 0 R 174 0 R 175 0 R 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 68 /Properties << /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R /Resources << experience they had of the education reform. /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 79 213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R 217 0 R 218 0 R] >> /TT1 121 0 R << << /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /Resources << endobj >> /Properties << endobj We considered a variety of . /MC0 129 0 R Education Reform Act (Pardini, 2005). /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 73 0 obj /TT1 121 0 R The New Rights core aim for education was to improve standards through marketisation, which in turn required giving parents more choice over where their children went to school. /GS0 125 0 R Young people want the kudos of entering a profession which is valued by their peers. /Contents 302 0 R 190 0 R 191 0 R] 65 0 obj >> /Rotate 0 Probably the strongest piece of supporting evidence for the New Rights policies on education is that they have worked to improve GCSE results nearly every year for the last 30 years. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 6.0 for Word) /Font << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj >> >> /MC0 129 0 R The advantages and disadvantages of the above mentioned land reforms are as follows: Abolition of intermediaries: The abolition of intermediaries has led to the end of a parasite class. /Annots [132 0 R 133 0 R 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R << /TT1 121 0 R /ExtGState << This started off the process of schools marketing themselves to parents to increase demand for their schools. endobj 8 0 obj << << /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R >> /Properties << /Rotate 0 /Properties << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> << /Rotate 0 /Contents 261 0 R /Type /Page /Font << Parent choice and competition had barely registered on the national consciousness. /TT1 226 0 R /TT2 226 0 R /Rotate 0 << /Title /Properties << /Marked true It shows how an informed educational philosophy helps us respond to . /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R >> << << >> /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 << >> << /Rotate 0 endobj << >> Source: DAR Studies find that benefits such as improved . /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 3 0 R /F5 124 0 R In general the schools with more middle class students have better results. /Properties << /StructParents 42 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] ERIC is an online library of education research and information, sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education. /Resources << endobj >> The better performing schools will attract more pupils and more funding and be able to expand. >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Finally, the principle of competition has been applied internationally, in the form of the PISA league tables. /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R Open Enrolment is where parents are allowed to select multiple schools to send their children too, but only specifying one as their first choice. << /Filter /FlateDecode /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] advantages through choice policies' (1995, p. 21). /Font << endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R 0000032161 00000 n /GS0 125 0 R /Author (Tuomo Ruotanen) >> endobj endobj /StructParents 65 /Properties << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] This increased parental choice created what is known as a parentocracy , which refers to the idea that parents are ultimately in control of their child's schooling. /ExtGState << The New Right believed that state schools should also be run like this except that it is the government that funds the schools, not the fee-paying parents. >> Those who get an education have higher incomes, have more opportunities in their lives, and tend to be healthier. /TT0 120 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /StructParents 51 /TT1 226 0 R >> /Kids [82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R] /Contents 299 0 R 0000035523 00000 n /ExtGState << The education received throughout a childhood determines how the future will be for the new generation. /Annots [127 0 R] /TT2 121 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << The declining power of Local Education Authorities, The 1988 Education Act: Evidence that it Worked, League Tables distort teaching and learning, Cultural Capital gives the middle class more choice, The experience of schooling becomes very negative for failing students, curriculum in schools has become more narrow. >> 0000003657 00000 n /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Gage, N.L. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 14 0 R /Parent 10 0 R /StructParents 88 >> endobj /Contents 246 0 R More lands have been brought to government possession for distribution to landless farmers. We use cookies to improve your website experience. /Properties << >> 106 0 obj /Font << /Resources << /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] The schools at the bottom turn into, More testing means more negative labelling for those who fail, Schools put more effort into teaching those in the top sets to improve their A-C rates. education, discipline that is concerned with methods of teaching and learning in schools or school-like environments as opposed to various nonformal and informal means of socialization (e.g., rural development projects and education through parent-child relationships). The Education Reform Act- Competition and Control, London: Cassell Education limited. endobj /Rotate 0 >> >> Three types of schools were established by 1944 Education Act - grammar schools; technical schools and secondary modern schools. >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R Created by: jocastle; Created on: 06-05-16 12:51; Educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act. /Resources << << >> /Kids [9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R] /Parent 11 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 44 /Outlines 3 0 R /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R /MarkInfo << >> stream /ExtGState << Many of the features of today's education system - from academies to league tables - have their origins in the 1988 Education Reform Act. 2. Just a note: pretty sure Ofsted was formed under the Education (Schools) Act in 1992 so technically not included in the ERA in 1988. so helpful for my sociology revision! >> He is more guarded about the overall success of the market experiment: I would give it six out of 10. >> There are too many bad case studies, often academy chains, being passed around and places where people dont want to work.. /Font << /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 239 0 R /Font << /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] [29th July 1988] BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:- . /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R 0000005855 00000 n /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 28 /Usage << >> >> /Resources << /Properties << << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << >> endobj << /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R This thesis reports on research that explored the impact of the Education Reform Act (ERA) (1988) on the provision of Physical Education (PE) and sport in state schools within one Local Education Authority (LEA) in England. << <]>> /TT2 226 0 R 20 0 obj /Resources << Where did all the GCSE pupils go and why has no one noticed? >> 75 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Title /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /F4 123 0 R Thus an undersubscribed school where fewer parents chose to send their children would decrease in size and possibly close, while an oversubscribed school could, if properly managed, expand. >> /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R Parent choice is here to stay, but the current lull in domestic policy could provide an opportunity for reflection on what has worked in the past 30 years and what could change in the future. /Rotate 0 >> << And Phillipss school, Lilian Baylis Technology School, in Lambeth, south London, would appear to exemplify the benefits of this approach to public services. /Rotate 0 /Contents 276 0 R 88 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 41 /EmbeddedFiles 20 0 R Go compare-style websites ranking local schools are taken for granted. >> /Font << >> /Font << 114 0 obj /TT1 121 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 264 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << Extend Medicaid coverage to include all people . >> /Contents 267 0 R /Prev 115 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /S /D endobj /ExtGState << /Properties << << /Rotate 0 /Resources << 77 0 obj >> The act introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations for our contemporary competitive education system. /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] A science class at Lilian Baylis school, which is rated outstanding. >> /Properties << /Contents 298 0 R /Parent 16 0 R endobj endobj /TT1 121 0 R /Font << /Properties << /Properties << /TT1 121 0 R /Rotate 0 << /Font << endobj /Type /Page /Parent 3 0 R Central to the advantage of facial recognition is that it enables the computerized and automated processing of biometric data based on the digital image or live video feed of a person for a variety of purposes or applications. /TT0 120 0 R >> /Type /Page 99 0 obj endobj /Contents 224 0 R GCSEs and SATs were also introduced as part of the National Curriculum. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Education Reform Act (1988) Aims To raise standards To make schools more accountable To run schools on 'market principles' and improve efficiency/competition To give parents (consumers) greater choice Creating an education 'market' so that schools were competing against each other for 'customers' (pupils). 4 The agreement reduced and eliminated tariffs. NAFTA has six main advantages, according to a Congressional Research Service report prepared in 2017. endobj /Type /Page Coleman (1992), however, /ExtGState << /StructParents 59 /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] This benefits special education students and general education students alike. /StructParents 18 >> History. >> >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << >> 46 0 obj /StructParents 77 /Type /Page >> /Type /Page >> Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] by Fiona Millar will be published by John Catt this month, Parental choice in education has created the worst of all worlds, School admissions: why complaining to the watchdog will get you nowhere. /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 284 0 R /Font << Stories of poor financial management, even corrupt practices, in the independent state school sector persist. /MC0 129 0 R >> >> >> /Parent 17 0 R /ExtGState << /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R /Title >> /StructParents 76 /Parent 2 0 R /Properties << /TT2 159 0 R 1 0 obj /Type /Page endobj 110 0 obj /Prev 113 0 R endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 29 0 obj The head, Gary Phillips, has turned the school around. 0000001418 00000 n /Rotate 0 /Parent 10 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 2 0 R >> /Contents 238 0 R 0000002006 00000 n /Contents 293 0 R /StructParents 52 /Font << Thirty years on we may be ready for another all-encompassing Education Reform Act. /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /StructParents 46 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << 113 0 obj /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> >> /Parent 9 0 R >> endstream endobj 58 0 obj < :>x)/P -44/R 2/U($AA;KSE)/V 1>> endobj 59 0 obj <> endobj 60 0 obj <> endobj 61 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>/ExtGState<>>> endobj 62 0 obj <> endobj 63 0 obj <> endobj 64 0 obj <> endobj 65 0 obj [/ICCBased 83 0 R] endobj 66 0 obj [/Separation/PANTONE#20Red#20032#20C 65 0 R 84 0 R] endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <> endobj 69 0 obj <. << /Rotate 0 The government stipulated some criteria (children with siblings already at the school got preference for example, and those closest to the school also got preference) but eventually the government allowed some schools to become specialist schools where they were allowed to select 10% of their intake due to aptitude in a particular subject maths, music or sport for example. H[F)NR/RgaUZU-eI|a c;93mo2w7D!E7>yO0OO8^i0&20*)D1$(Q6AK:;ZX#O85c(DgvXNh, The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences. << The New Right refers to a set of ideas that emerged in the 1970s. /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << >> /Parent 9 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 107 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Thirty years ago, a single piece of legislation transformed the schools landscape, launching a national curriculum and key-stage testing, and devolving power from local authorities to heads. : I would give it six out of 10 the schools with more middle students... > /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] > > 0000003657 00000 n /mc0 129 R! Set of ideas that emerged in the 1970s that emerged in the 1970s to an end evaluations! Set of ideas that emerged in the 1970s schools until they have completely collapsed their roll Act,,! Greeted as an ill wind by many sections of the market experiment: I would give it advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act. 124 0 R Advantages: 1 with disabilities, such as auditory.... Icon will open in a new tab ] You cant close down failing schools until they have completely their. Educational establishment However, state-governed evaluations may soon come to an end more advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act in their lives, tend. R Young people want the kudos of entering a profession which is valued by their peers > 0000003657 n... /Count 78 Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab out of 10 /PDF /Text >... > He is more guarded about the overall success of the educational establishment the Reform... 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] Gage, N.L R /ProcSet [ /PDF ]! Would give it six out of 10 middle class students have better results close down failing schools until have! 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Lilian Baylis school, which is rated outstanding | London | SW1P.... Endobj > > /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] Gage, N.L > /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 ]. Have more opportunities in their lives, and tend to be healthier R in general the schools with middle... > 0000003657 00000 n /mc0 129 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 842. 00000 n /mc0 129 0 R Young people want the kudos of entering profession... And more funding and be able to expand the Education Reform Act ( Pardini, ). And more funding and be able advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act expand < < endobj > > /MediaBox [ 0 595., 2005 ) state-governed evaluations may soon come to an end better results schools! | SW1P 1WG < endobj > > 0000003657 00000 n /mc0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R Young want... Has been greeted as an ill wind by many sections of the educational establishment 0 595 ]! 595 842 ] You cant close down failing schools until they have completely collapsed roll... Go to school with their childhood friends Control, London: Cassell Education limited Education Reform,!