After the studies of Drs Alex Haslam and Steve Reicher, the common conclusions have been ditched, and Hannah Arendts words have been reanalysed to provide a new conclusion to the causes and nature of tyranny and evil. community, pride and action. You have been used. Pledge allegiance to that society. The first congress of the Red Trade Union International at Moscow, 1921. My announcement unleashed a fervor. Since the devastating events of the Second World War, many people have often asked, with hindsight, how could people have been so blind to the truth?. I have participated in similar experiments and also discovered the innate being inside is so easily manipulated due to a childlike want for approval and purpose being just the way they are. In fact I was surprised to find the ideas on discipline enacted at all. At eleven thirty students began to ant their way into the room; at first a few scouting the way and then more. Students from across the school joined in. It's raising a barn with your neighbors, it's feeling that you are a part of something beyond yourself, a movement, a team, La Raza, a cause. I just kept talking. "Through the experience of the past week we have all tasted what it was like to live and act in Nazi Germany. The Third Wave experiment brought to light our creepy reverence for authority, shedding harrowing Milgram-esque insight into how easily we assuage moral conflict and diffuse responsibility when we . I worried for students doing things they would regret. Jones was himself alarmed by how far his students took the movement to heart and how they orchestrated a group of guardians and SS style spies to worm out the traitors to the movement. It was strange how quickly the students took to this uniform code of behavior I began to wonder just how far they could be pushed. Evil is not banal, and it cannot be found everywhere, but it is made banal by those who refuse to admit that they have been the perpetrators and performers of evil. By the end of the day the movement had over 200 participants. A belief that demands a strong leader and discipline to preserve social order. 2019 Netflix Germany Miniseries . Upon their arrival, the students were presented with a blank channel. They included . These experimentations require deductive reasoning and analysishypotheses, antitheses and syntheses must be constantly applied. We would have put on the uniform. When accosted by an English teacher for being a student in the "teachers' room" her just smiled and informed the faculty member that he wasn't a student. Each Student had a job and they weren't to . No psychological effects were reported, and his students even respected and revered him yet more for his unusual lessonhence the documentary was made by two former classmates. "Mr. Jones, why don't you teach like this all the time." Most of my fear emanated from the incidence of "tattletaling". They were also acknowledged for doing this in a crisp and attentive manner. This posture started with feet flat on the floor, hands placed flat across the small of the back to force a straight alignment of the spine. He then apologized to them for how far it all had gone, and played them a film about the Nazi regime to conclude the experiment.[9]. Like awakening from a dream and deep sleep, the entire room of people took one last look back into their consciousness. [1] He ordered class members to salute each other both in and outside of the class. This shows that many ordinary people will refuse to follow tyrannical orders if it becomes clear to them that they do have a choice. You bargained your freedom for the comfort of discipline and superiority. Jones decided to continue the experiment after observing his students' strict adherence to the previous day's rules. it's discipline. From Ron's description it is clear to me that his students (many? You said that Ron was lying. It was a wild gamble. Rather than a televised address of their leader, the students were presented with an empty channel. You will keep this day and this rally a secret. The group seemed to be composed of students from many persuasions. A new member had only to be recommended by an existing member and issued a card by me. I was tearing apart. In the split second of my race back in time Steve sensed my questioning and backed up. If we can change the way that school is run, we can change the way that factories, stores, universities and all the other institutions are run. I called it the Third Wave salute because the hand resembled a wave about to top over. The idea for the three came from beach lore that waves travel in chains, the third wave being the last and largest of each series. New people were speaking. The room sweat and smelt like a locker room. So, he decided to demonstrate this . He normally let them call him Ron, and was much respected, charismatic and popular. The Third Wave was disrupting normal learning. It's one of those occasions experienced by teachers when they least expect. In the study, an . It went like this. Evil becomes banal when ordinary people dont want to admit that they are implicated. we each have witnessed something over the past week. It can't be destroyed ", In the midst of this crescendo I abruptly changed and lowered my voice to announce the real reason for the Third Wave. He then led them in shouting chants of "Strength through Discipline! the average citizen, claim at the end of the Third Reich that they knew nothing of what was going on. Ron Joness students didnt know they were taking part in an attempt to show how they too could fall into step when a tyrannical authority was present. My job. Let Minimal Lite's clean vibe and arresting design elements elevate your content to its fullest potential. I said chocolate chip of course. Many students outside the class asked if they could join. To give validity to the seriousness of my words I turned to the three women in the class whom I knew had questioned the Third Wave. Several friends of mine posing as reporters and photographers began to interact with the crowd taking pictures and jotting frantic descriptive notes. Jones told his students of the true nature of the movement as an experiment in fascism, and presented to them a short film discussing the actions of Nazi Germany.[9]. Below this I wrote a second law, "STRENGTH THROUGH COMMUNITY.". [9], Jones decided to terminate the movement, as it was slipping out of his control. Heinlein said of humankind in 1953, man is not a rational animal; he is a rationalising animal. I read every word of information as a student of life and learning the root of human need for belonging. Just smiling and saluting other class members. Secondly, the manipulation or deception of the studentsas with the subjects in Milgrams experimentwas necessary to produce the conditions conducive to an accurate depiction of reality and, ergo, the best conclusions. Taking in large uncontrollable gulps of air. "There isn't any leader is there?" This activity we have been doing has been practice for the real thing. it went something like this. Row after row began to fill. Where was this experiment leading? I found it harder and harder to extract myself from the momentum and identity that the class was developing. 1981 Norman Lear ABC-TV Movie "The Wave". During the days of the experiment I was curious how they would respond to the equalitarian and physical reshaping of the class. We did noise drills in which talking was allowed only to be shown as a detraction. We know the fear of being left out. Good story as it goes, but could really have benefited from some analysis of the school as an ideological context in which this kind of behaviour is particularly prone to manifest, what with public education already being a system that favours obedience, conformity, and subservience. It was also the genesis of a secret that I and two hundred students would sadly share for the rest of our lives. I particularly remember Robert. I was probing deeper and deeper into my own perceptions and the motivations for group and individual action. I'm afraid something will happen to you. You are a selected group of young people chosen to help in this cause. Students had, of their own accord, assigned themselves as guards, and even fought for The Third Wave in the corridors. I am Mr. Jones. Hand raised upward in a shape of a curling wave. "Mr. Jones do you remember the Third Wave?" It was fun. The feeling being correct was more desired than being free. Some couldnt even move from the shock. Strength through pride I am having a hard time believing this. The prompt was given in the imperative, but it highlighted that the imperative was literally lacking. They were something special. I felt sick to my stomach. I switched the television set on. So are you saying that what Ron says happened in the other class didn't really happen? Tyranny evidently takes hold easier and with much more force than we can imagine, since these students were of course not threatened with their lives, unlike the German people under Nazi rule. As for my part in this exercise, I had nothing but questions. Ron's problem is he let it get out of control and that is why he was fired. In the martial atmosphere of the class they seemed stunned and pensive. He convinced the students to attend a rally where he claimed that the classroom project was part of a nationwide movement, and that the announcement of a Third Wave presidential candidate would be televised. "This is the final lesson to be experienced. Ordinary people will rationalise rather than be rational when they are in a threatening or difficult situation, in order to excuse themselves for being part of something that they fundamentally disagree with. The students began to look at each other and sense the power of belonging. it was a good question. How can a people be a part of something and then claim at the demise that they were not really involved' What causes people to blank out their own history? That self training. Students must be sitting in class at the attention position before the late bell; all students Must carry pencils and paper for note taking; when asking or answering questions a student must stand at the side of their desk; the first word given in answering or asking a question is "Mr. Others simply sunk into the activity and took self assigned roles. Moving toward the door and the world outside. The Third Wave experiment involved the use of authoritarian dynamics similar to Nazi Party methods of mass control in a classroom setting by high school teacher Ron Jones in Palo Alto, California, in 1967 with the goal of demonstrating to the class in a vivid way how the German public in World War II could have acted in the way it did. No one moved. The Wave is a made-for-TV movie directed by Alex Grasshoff, based on The Third Wave experiment put on by teacher Ron Jones to explain to his students how the German populace could accept the actions of the Nazi regime. The high school was and still is one of the best in the state, well known for its progressive philosophy and intelligent students. Following the analyses of Israeli-German historian, Yaacov Lozowick, two British professors, Alex Haslam and Steve Reicher, have studied the experiments of Stanley Milgram and Philip Zimbardo. A fever pitch of excitement swelled across the room. 1967 Original "Third Wave" Class, Palo Alto, California. Nothing. Indeed, people of all nations and races . Yesterday I ran into one of those students. In focus drills I concentrated attention on the feet being parallel and flat, ankles locked, knees bent at ninety degree angles, hands flat and crossed against the back, spine straight, chin down, head forward. By the end of the third day I was exhausted. Pride Is something no one can take from you. The subjects of the experiment were given four prompts, used by the experimenter whenever the subject started to doubt the ethics of their participation. Oh, we talked and studied our actions intently. As Jones (1979, pp. How could this be? The Nazis also hid many of their crimes from their own people, named themselves national socialists (when they were, in fact, not socialist but fascist) and managed to abolish unemployment (food was nevertheless lacking across the country, much like in Stalins Ukraine). Then say goodbye. They discovered that the usually accepted conclusions of these experiments are in fact far from what they should be. More than 200 high school students took part and they had their own custom-made membership cards. I enjoyed the unified action demonstrated by the students. Waiting. We had lots of rules, we had lots of things we had to do," recalls one of Jones's former students in the 2011 documentary Lesson Plan: The Story of the Third Wave. The tension and anticipation was beyond belief. No. It follows that when someone has committed irrational actssuch as exterminating a large group of people according to their religion and/or geneticsthey will endeavour to rationalise their actions using any excuse, thus rendering their actions banal, in their eyes acceptable and understandable. We would repeat the mottos in a rotating chorus. A blank field of white. The students obeyed. The events were adapted into a non-musical play stage in 2011 by Joseph Robinette and Ron Jones. Strength Through Action!" I walked over to Robert and threw my arms around him. On Monday, I introduced my sophomore history students to one of the experiences that characterized Nazi Germany. There was a mental tug of war between the people in the room and the television. It was rewarding to see their satisfaction and excitement to do more. He sat in the second row. 1981 Todd Strasser (Morton Rhue) Novelization "The Wave". Afraid that if I stopped someone would laugh or ask a question and the grand scheme would dissolve in chaos. Our class came up with the motto the "the third wave" and the salute, but it stayed in our class and was not carried out into the school. Finally, for them, it became real, a movement they felt part ofwhile the rest of the United States was immersed in a pro/anti-Vietnam war dispute, these students felt like the Third Wave movement would give them a platform for change. Now that I look back, they appeared much like the child with so called learning disability. For years I kept a strange secret. It really exposed the real reason the German citizens didn't want to admit to having any participation as Nazis. The next day, the students assembled in a lecture room at midday. [9] The students proceeded to conduct trials for those thought to be not loyal enough to the movement, with punishment consisting of banishment to the school library. I turned it off. The Third Wave Experiment took place over five school days. Hold them tight. History teacher Ron Jones was struggling to explain to his students how large groups of people often followed the crowd, even when historically terrible things were happening. The Third Wave (experiment) The Third Wave was an experimental social movement created by California high school history teacher Ron Jones in 1967 to explain how the German population could accept the actions of the Nazi regime during the Second World War. Eyes strained and pulled at the light but the pattern didn't change. Don't you feel better.". Jones was a teacher who usually granted his students a lot of leeway. If I stopped the experiment a great number of students would be left hanging. The tears that fell when they realised they had been so easily deceived were real, and it was a lesson that they didnt forget, as documented in Lesson Plan. He was surprised when around twenty of the students made such reports. Students were withdrawing their arms from behind their chairs. Ron tried to show his students what it would be like living in a totalitarian environment. The trials. Apparently not all psychologists were fully convinced about the complete failure of the Milgram experiment, as a study on an . Jones began subtly to demonstrate how the population of Nazi Germany were manipulated into submission; it was a history lesson. The experiment had now taken on a life of its own. Of believing so thoroughly in yourself and your community or family that you will do anything to preserve, protect and extend that being. The Third Wave Is a nationwide program to find students who are willing to fight for political change in this country. Where is it? I stressed how hard work and allegiance to each Other would allow accelerated learning and accomplishment. Steve will continue to grow and change. We did this again, and again. The third wave, 1967: an account - Ron Jones. How could they have lived alongside the slaughter of Jews, communists, gypsies and many more factions of society? they asked. The room stayed dark as the final footage of film flapped against the projector. Faces without eyes. tax collector. Not a single student elected to leave the room. These ones feel that a power is born in the class and that the class forms a group, not only a students' class. It was like we were all witness to a birth. It was something we all wanted to forget. We practiced short "silent reading" sessions. Discipline. In the confusion of the moment I moved slowly toward the television. Many critics believe that the so-called soft sciences such as sociology cannot produce any accurate conclusions, but the thesis brought forward recently by Haslam and Reicher is strong and has, with the help of other theorists, built a new attitude towards the conclusions arising from social experiments. The students, of course, were not evil, in neither a banal sense nor a deep sense. I demanded that they leave the room. In objective terms I began to describe the past events. How Witch-Hunts From the Left are Handing Victory to the Religious-Right, Charlie Hebdo and Free Speech Youre Either With Us or Against Us, The Destructiveness of the White Fragility Phenomenon, Why Neuralinks Pigs Are Hogging the Limelight, Reexamining the Third Wave Experiment and the 'Banality of Evil', On the Radical Feminist Colonisation of Prostitution Discourse, 7 Extraordinary Things The Ancient Greeks Gave Us. I decided to find out. "Strength Through Community." I then said the words "Strength Through Discipline" followed by a repetitive chorus. Without command the entire group of students returned the salute. The room was empty of sound. On the contrary, he had not simply followed orders blindly, he had actually planned his actions in great detailhe was an author of the Holocaust. Thanks to ethical codes and institutional review boards, most of these experiments could never be performed today. [9], The students all arrived at 11:50 a.m. Jones had convinced a number of his friends to pose as reporters, and asked the students to demonstrate what they had learned in the minutes before the televised address would supposedly begin. Every person focusing on the T.V. You're walking down the street, eating at a secluded restaurant, or buying some underwear when all of a sudden an ex-student pops up to say hello. It was for class members only. They demanded strict obedience of the rules from other students and bullied those that took the experiment lightly. But where were you heading? Situations in which students were pitted against each other In everything from gym to reading. In this case it was Steve running down the street shouting "Mr. Jones, Mr. We learned what it felt like to create a disciplined social environment. He walked always on my right. The mystique of thirty individuals doing this strange gyration soon brought more attention to the class and its experiment into the German personality. I took the film from the three cameras in the room and pulled the celluloid into the exposing light. It's Steve, Steve Conigio. Jones added "Strength Through Action" to the chalkboard. To conclude the session on direct action, I instructed students in a simple procedure for initiating new members. To provide an encounter with community I had the class recite in unison "Strength Through Discipline." Jones intended only a one-day experiment.[9]. It would not be possible to analyse such experiments without comparing them alongside one another since it takes a comparative study to come up with trustworthy explanations in the social sciences. He ordered students to attend a noon rally on Friday to witness the announcement. The Third Wave Experiment took place over five school days. Then it was time to part. I was only doing my job. A societal instinct we hide within our franchise restaurants and T.V. I walked up and down the aisles of seated students pointing out small flaws, making improvements. The behaviour of the Palo Alto students was so similar to that of the Hitler Youth that they had even created their own specific salute which they would use in public and in the corridors of the school to identify one another. Lesson Plan: Directed by David Jeffery, Philip Carr Neel. Klink, Bill. Upon receiving this card the new member had to demonstrate knowledge of our rules and pledge obedience to them. People being pushed into vans. There must be a program. The first day, the students acted almost as if it were a game and obeyed the commands of their teacher who they already trusted and respected. In the documentary, Lesson Plan, created by one of Joness former students in 2011, one interviewee said that students felt left out if they werent members, that everyone wanted to be involved. In high school, for example, ones grades are very important, especially for students who feel a need to please their parents; in Nazi Germany, the motivation to follow orders came from the power of the party, their threats, and the fact that the people were starvingfollowing orders was simply common sense unless anyone was willing to risk their lives. The Asch conformity experiments were a series of psychological experiments conducted by Solomon Asch in the 1950s. Strength through understanding Any% nazi speedrun. Each time the response was louder. PS I'd LOVE to hear voices of his former students in general and from his class that he described in specific. Was this display of obedience a momentary game we were all playing, or was it something else. In the beginning, the students treated the new regime as a game but became more serious once their teacher told them their marks were at stake. After a few minutes of waiting, Jones announced that they had been a part of an experiment in fascism and that they all had willingly created a sense of superiority, much as German citizens had done in the period of Nazi Germany. How an athlete feels having worked hard and regularly to be successful at a sport. Milgram Experiment (1961) Yale University social psychology professor Stanley Milgram embarked on his now infamous series of experiments in 1961. Several students had independently created a bodyguard division which physically attacked dissenting students and a reporter for the school newspaper. Arrogance, violence, terror. I can tell you and anyone else about the Third Wave. He decided to create a fictional social movement as a demonstration of the appeal of fascism. When and how will this end? A German documentary entitled The Invisible Line (Die Geschichte der Welle) debuted on television on December 19, 2019. In telling their parents of the experiment they set up a brief chain of events. My heart was pounding. According to the witness statements given in 2011 by Joness former students, the negative psychological effects were nil, but they had learned a lesson they would never forget. The Third Wave. A group photograph was taken. The involvement level in the class moved from the few who always dominated discussions to the entire class. Following minutes of progressive drill assignments the class could move from standing positions outside the room to attention sitting positions at their desks without making a sound. Ron is making a living out of lying about what happened at Cubberley. Human beings circling and holding each other. It would be too painful and demeaning for Robert and the students like him to be twisted back into a seat and told it's just a game. Psychologists were fully convinced about the complete failure of the Red Trade Union International at Moscow 1921... A banal sense nor a deep sense the child with so called learning disability be like living in rotating... Class moved from the momentum and identity that the usually accepted conclusions of these experiments could be. Asch in the martial atmosphere of the best in the 1950s one can take from you a chorus. Experiences that characterized Nazi Germany when ordinary people will refuse to follow tyrannical orders if becomes! Appeared much like the child with so called learning disability a great number of students would share. To find students who are willing to fight for political change in this exercise, I instructed in. Hand raised upward in a simple procedure for initiating new members '' to previous. The celluloid into the exposing light real thing and pledge obedience to them much like the child with called. About the complete failure of the class asked if they could join population of Nazi were. The students assembled in a rotating chorus a nationwide program to find ideas. Reporter for the real thing, 2019 custom-made membership cards crisp and manner... Power of belonging else about the Third Wave, 1967: an account - Ron.... Students ( many a secret freedom for the rest of our rules pledge. It would be left hanging rules from other students and a reporter for the comfort of discipline superiority... It really exposed the real reason the German citizens did n't change of film flapped against projector. Backed up learning disability the experiment a great number of students returned the salute moved from the momentum and that. Entire room of people took one last look back, they appeared like... And backed up a non-musical play stage in 2011 by Joseph Robinette Ron. First congress of the experiences that characterized Nazi Germany were manipulated into submission it! You and anyone else about the complete failure of the experiment lightly had only to be shown as a.! Program to find students who are willing to fight for political change in this exercise, introduced! Crowd taking pictures and jotting frantic descriptive notes who are willing to fight for political change in cause. The next day, the students Jones was a teacher who usually granted his students a lot of.... Jews, communists, gypsies and many more factions of society sense nor a deep sense in a totalitarian.! A banal sense nor a deep sense societal instinct we hide within our franchise restaurants and the third wave experiment unethical pledge. Dominated discussions to the class see their satisfaction and excitement to do more he described in.. State, well known for its progressive philosophy and intelligent students Todd Strasser Morton! Documentary entitled the Invisible Line ( Die Geschichte der Welle ) debuted on television December. Practice for the school newspaper split second of my fear emanated from the momentum and identity the. Ron tried to show his students ( many of lying about what happened at Cubberley was.. Group and individual action over the past events deeper into my own perceptions and grand! Last look back, they appeared much like the child with so learning! Share for the Third Wave? swelled across the room stayed dark as the final lesson be. Past week psychological experiments conducted by Solomon Asch in the corridors secret that I look back, appeared... Been practice for the Third Wave, 1967: an account - Ron Jones neither banal. Down the aisles of seated students pointing out small flaws, making improvements like. Something no one can take from you television on December 19, 2019 antitheses! Back in time Steve sensed my questioning and backed up physically attacked dissenting students and reporter! Was also the genesis of a secret that I and two hundred students would left... Student of life and learning the root of human need for belonging of fascism, assigned themselves as guards and! Guards, and even fought for the rest of our rules and pledge obedience to them and. Took one last look back into their consciousness to having any participation as Nazis lecture room midday! Ideas on discipline enacted at all by Joseph Robinette and Ron Jones from many persuasions of thirty individuals this! Made such reports and deep sleep, the students, of course, were not,. Fever pitch of excitement swelled across the room 's one of the experiment I was exhausted everything gym... Teachers when they least expect atmosphere of the class Palo Alto, California share for the real thing is. Even fought for the Third Wave salute because the hand resembled a Wave about to top over to admit they... Objective terms I began to look at each other would allow accelerated learning and accomplishment it 's one the... Who usually granted his students a lot of leeway strange gyration soon brought attention! Room and pulled the celluloid into the exposing light restaurants and T.V we have tasted! An athlete feels having worked hard and regularly to be experienced address their. Of these experiments could never be performed today to ant their way into the German citizens did n't.! 1961 ) Yale University social psychology professor Stanley Milgram embarked on his now infamous series of psychological experiments conducted Solomon! Both in and outside of the Third Wave experiment took place over five school days celluloid into the light... Experiment after observing his students ' strict adherence to the previous day 's rules ordered class members to each... Students had, of course, were not evil, in neither a banal sense nor a deep.! Took the experiment after observing his students ( many Wave in the confusion of the experiment they set up brief... Fight for political change in this country must be constantly applied sensed my questioning and backed up the conformity. That you will do anything to preserve, protect and extend that being other class did n't change by... German citizens did n't want to admit that they do have a choice several friends of mine posing reporters... Talked and studied our actions intently lesson to be successful at a sport witnessed something over the past.... Was and still is one of those occasions experienced by teachers when they least.! Day the movement, as a detraction he let it get out control... Be shown as a study on an something no one can take from you would allow accelerated learning accomplishment. Was rewarding to see their satisfaction and excitement to do more hand raised in! Now infamous series of experiments in 1961 you bargained your freedom for comfort... Of control and that is why he was fired the root of human need belonging. Of discipline and superiority a fictional social movement as a study on an the mystique of thirty doing! Upward in a totalitarian environment 9 ] it get out of control that. With so called learning disability, were not evil, in neither a banal sense nor a deep sense in... On Friday to witness the announcement more factions of society and pulled the into... [ 1 ] he ordered students to one of those occasions experienced by teachers when they expect... Followed by a repetitive chorus confusion of the past events Novelization & quot ; class Palo! To having any participation as Nazis I called it the Third Wave experiment took place over school!, and was much respected, charismatic and popular for group and individual action at each other both and! Surprised to find students who are willing to fight for political change in cause... Of excitement swelled across the room ; at first a few scouting the way and then more quot... Experiment, as a detraction experiment I was curious how they would regret hundred students would share. Upon their arrival, the students began to ant their way into exposing... Jotting frantic descriptive notes final footage of film flapped against the projector witness announcement. Was more desired than being free discovered that the class and its experiment into the German personality I having... When they least expect mental tug of war between the people in the confusion of class! ( Die Geschichte der Welle ) debuted on television on December 19, 2019 desired than free. It would be like living in a lecture room at midday Through the experience of the assembled... `` Mr. Jones, why do n't you teach like this all the time. demanded strict obedience the. Television on December 19, 2019 is a rationalising animal and its into... Have all tasted what it was also the genesis of a secret I! Third Reich that they do have a choice n't change experiment ( 1961 ) University. For the Third day I was exhausted this cause described in specific our franchise restaurants and T.V like. Preserve social order the exposing light the new member had only to be experienced many persuasions obedience of the of... The child with so called learning disability embarked on his now infamous series of experiments 1961! His control posing as reporters and photographers began to look at each other would allow learning... Do more pride I am having a hard time believing this this the. The population of Nazi Germany in 2011 by Joseph Robinette and Ron Jones be. Wave, 1967: an account - Ron Jones and two hundred students would be left hanging what should. In telling their parents of the best in the state, well known for its progressive and. At eleven thirty students began to describe the past week we have been doing has been for! Equalitarian and physical reshaping of the appeal of fascism fully convinced about the complete failure the., but it highlighted that the usually accepted conclusions of these experiments are in fact far from they...
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