After the French invasion of Algeria, an influx of French immigrants known as the Pieds noirs (Black feet) established settlements. "The Stranger" Poetry.com. He presents the institutions and relationships that govern human existence as insecure attempts to create meaning in an indifferent universe. Assonance is also very visible as is reflected later in the poem with words like they, today and away. The stranger comes across the woods Meursault has few pleasures in life. The sun is a recurring symbol throughout the novel. By taking us inside the mind of a man who rejects societal norms, he questions what it is to be normal. Meursault feels none of the same emotion. Meursault is condemned to death by beheading. Shall repossess his blood. as in foreigner. It does not appear in later additions. The Stranger The Natural The Plague The Plot Against America The Portrait of a Lady The Power of Sympathy The Red Badge of Courage The Road The Sound and the Fury The Pixabay. He is viewed as a threat to decent society. WebThe Stranger: With Richard Armitage, Shaun Dooley, Siobhan Finneran, Jacob Dudman. -Seasons dont fear the reaper, nor do the wind, the son or the rain.- it goes on to saying -we can be like they are-. The word Stranger is a disappointing translation of the title L tranger, though the only one Ive ever seen. . Throughout The Stranger,Meursault returns to the sea. Kevin Morris, a more moderate critic, while acknowledging Kipling as a man of his time, also shows him to be a man who denounced Naziism and had great respect for foreign peoples. But this mixing must be carefully controlled, ere our childrens teeth are set on edge, by bitter bread and wine. William Wordsworth (1016 poems) 5. We love things, animals, people; each of us has experienced love in some form. In his prison cell, Meursault desperately hopes to be spared by appeal and dreams of escape. WebThe poem To a Stranger does not have a set metrical pattern. Meursault, the narrator of Albert Camus novel The Stranger (1942) is the kind of man who doesnt cry at his own mothers funeral. The Stranger was written by Albert Camus and published in 1942. The protagonist is a young French Algerian man named Meursault. The novel is written in the first-person. The novel is a philosophical novel that deals with the concept of absurdism. The novel uses the concept of absurdism to explore ideas of morality, truth, and social norms. STANDS4 LLC, 2023. Ere our childrens teeth are set on edge Meursault is happy to exist outside a society that does not want him. This prevails as an exampalt Whitman set in a time of racism, industrial revolution, and trancendentation that emphasizes you\the individual rest at the center of the world. short summary describing. This leads on to how life is symbolized in the poem as well. Culture is separate from genetics! But that is precisely what they are. These are two of the most prominent themes, along with sadness. Neither mark predominates. 16 October 2021. The most physically joyous parts of the novel take place in or near the sea. The novel is a philosophical novel that deals with the concept of absurdism. But, at least, they hear the things I hear, Login . That the sadness will end when death comes, come the last night of sadness, and it was clear she couldnt go on., The curtains flew open and then he appeared saying; Dont be, The poem Beat! Zhao became a prominent leader of the democracy movement, voicing his opinions in his writing. Feeling detached from society and other human beings, Meursault drifts through life, lost in his own thoughts. The jury agrees, and Meursault is sentenced to public execution by guillotine. The poet uses the element of alliteration. To fit in, he would have to lie to himself and others. Whitmans poems To a Stranger and These, I Singing in Spring both talk about a lost love that is being remembered by the narrator. WebThe Stranger. He wonders, Yet whats the end of our lifes long disease? Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. The social order and structure represented by symbols like the crucifix, and characters like the prison chaplain, are completely at odds with Meursaults absurdist view of life. To Meursault, nothing matters, and life has no meaning. The British have the saving grace (or supreme hypocrisy, do not know which) that they can be xenophobic and suspicious, while being very polite at it. After such widespread death and destruction, many authors and artists questioned the social institutions and beliefs that led to war. The Stranger was part of a cycle of Camuss works that focuses on alienation and the absurd. The priest becomes distraught, and Meursault explains he understands death more than the priest ever will. The first line of the novel is a famous, poignant example: Mother died today. of the users don't pass the The Stranger quiz! Robert Frost tells a disturbing story in 'Out, Out, --', in which a little boy loses his life. They may do ill or well, Enter our monthly contest for the chance to, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Blok poem analysis, https://www.poetry.com/poem-analysis/427/the-stranger, ABCBXXDE CEFE GXHB IJKL XJXA HELE CMFM DEXE XNON KPIP XGAX XOGO, 01011110 110010101 110111100 010010 01010110100 010100110 010110100 01011 010010010100 100110101 1100101010 010100010101 01111100110 01010101 10100101110 011110101 01001011010 11010011 11111110100 11111011 0101010110 1010111 01101110 11011 0100101110100 010100101 0111011 1101101 0101010100 0100101 0101010100 1110101101 101010100 01010001 010101010 01010101 01101010010 1110110101 010110101 0010100101 11101001010100 1110101101 111101100 11011 0101011100 101111010 0111101 11010101 0111010110 01110101 111111010 11011001. The Stranger. People are not responding to this war cry, making the bugles and drums get louder and louder to drown out everyone from the mothers to the carpenters. WebAfter finding a ghost with a murky past haunting their new house, a family becomes internet sensations and the targets of a shadowy government agency. In the poem Ah! The courtroom is the ultimate symbol of the social order Meursault rejects. The Stranger within my gates, Everything you need for your studies in one place. Whoever the author.Discover new and exciting books to dive into with our Book Explorer Tool. She indirectly mentions that the material wealth that the poet, throughout this poem is fun, effervescent, loving, and exciting, which helps the narrator communicate how he is feeling towards his observation of the otters. Its predictable and natural that we do this. Struggling to accept the certainty of his fate, Meursault is unable to sleep and dreads each dawn as it reminds him of the morning they will come to execute him. Having just argued with the prison chaplain, Meursault has cleansed himself of all fear and hope about his execution. Multiculturalism is a colossal experiment against human nature. Trevor Phillips, head of Britains Equality and Human Rights Commission, noted even in his childhood that Londons neighborhoods were largely black, Indian, Irish, Jewish, etc. This thought is incredibly direct and is a reflection of Meursaults speech. The tragic effect gets embodiment in the poem by the use of Meeropols bitter irony. Hes a young man living in Algiers and working as a shipping clerk. Discuss this Isaac Kavik poem analysis with the community: 0 Comments. The next day, Meursault encounters his elderly neighbor, Salamano, who is cruelly swearing at his mangy dog. Camus' moral of The Stranger is that truth is important even if it is not pleasant. At the very end of the poem Thomas uses different connotations of death, such as silence and darkness, as if winter is holding back the start of spring and the new life. When Meursault refuses, hes dubbed Mr. It is not the stranger that is rejected, but where he is within my gates. Analysis of The Stranger John Clare 1793 (Helpston) 1864 (St Andrew's Hospital) Humorous Life Love Melancholy Nature Religion When trouble haunts me, need I sigh? And whatever I think of them and their likes Walt Whitman answers this in his poem Song of Myself by analyzing the importance of all the small, inconspicuous details of our lives and the connection it has to our Earth. To a Stranger by Walt Whitman is a poem about connection. Meursault explains that both life and death are devoid of meaning and that any quest for meaning in life is absurd. Morphology is Greek word and is a makeup of morph- meaning 'shape, form', and -ology which means 'the study of. Towards the end of the novel, while Meursault is speaking with the magistrate, he pulls out a crucifix. Analysis of the two existentialist works: Beckett's waiting for Godot and Camus's The Stranger in terms We have forgotten what our ancestors understood and took for granted: people tend to seek, and be happier with, their own people. What makes our environment around us different than everywhere else? Rudyard Kipling, awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, wrote The Stranger in 1907. To those who know him, he is strange, but to society at large, he is a stranger. Analysis of Widower in the Country by Les Murray. I cannot feel his mind. Discuss this Isaac Kavik poem The Stranger Analysis Camus' novel The Stranger can be said to be about the philosophy of Absurdism, which is the idea that while humans search for the meaning of life, Meursault is happy to exist outside a society that does not want him. It begins with a funeral. The attorney and court magistrate dont understand why Meursault acts the way he does. WebAnalysis of The Stranger Rudyard Kipling 1865 (Mumbai) 1936 (London) Family Religion The Stranger within my gate, x He may be true or kind, a But he does not talk my talk -- x I cannot feel his mind. But I cannot tell what powers control International House, 24 Holborn Viaduct,London, EC1A 2BN, United Kingdom, 2023 Book Analysis. 2Jean-Paul Sartre, and John Kulka. We're doing our best to make sure our content is useful, accurate and safe.If by any chance you spot an inappropriate comment while navigating through our website please use this form to let us know, and we'll take care of it shortly. The chaplain tries to get Meursault to accept God and he loses his temper. Absurdism posits that it is impossible to find a sense of meaning in life and that any search for meaning is fundamentally absurd. Despite only being one-tenth of the countrys population, the French community was the ruling class, while the Arab and indigenous populations remained disenfranchised and powerless. What do we do when the thing we love is no longer ours? It is the workshop for the other versions that followed. Salamanos dog has run away, leaving the old man grief-stricken and alone. If I had to guess that is probably because he didnt agree with their economic policy, not their social policy. The Stranger by Albert Camus features a clear, direct style that is easy to read but also corresponds to the cold, detached character of its protagonist, Meursault. At the same time, the novel explores deep, challenging topics like guilt and the search for meaning in life, making the novel a serious and profound work of literature. 18 Jan. 2023. Throughout all of the reading, many of the works inspired me in different ways, whether it was short story plot ideas or word usage in the poems. The magistrate brandishes a cross and asks Meursault about his faith. With Joel Edgerton, Sean Harris, Jada Alberts, Cormac Wright. WebA stranger is a person who is unknown to another person or group. Throughout the story, most Arab characters remain unnamed; Meursaults victim is simply referred to as The Arab. e. : one not privy or party to an act, contract, or title : one that interferes without right. Meursault is the titular example of alienation from oneself, society, and nature. Let the corn be all one sheaf WebThe Prosecutor. Analysis of this work, as the most striking and famous, helps to trace all the basic ideas of the author. By bitter bread and wine. The idea of death is traced throughout the poem. Death is a physical energy that can drain and change an individuals entire outlook on life as well as any joy that has been experienced. In Song of Myself, every small thing (down to the atom) makes up the world and all the people inside of it. The fact that Cummings uses enjambment in his poetry is a stylistic trademark that however annoying its use may be is consistent. Marie, Meursault, and Raymond travel to Massons beach house, Raymond is stabbed by his mistress brother. Camus uses The Stranger to explore the philosophical concepts of Existentialism and Absurdism. He separates himself from others by his inability or unwillingness to connect on a deep level. Definition terms. This is evident in the words flames, flamed and fire; and later in the poem feel, fall and flowers. "The Stranger" Poetry.com. Symbolism and pathos add to the poem making it a very poignant story., What is our purpose in life? Throughout the novel, characters try to appeal to a sense of decency by asking Meursault if he believes in God. Existentialists believe that each individual must create meaning through free will, choice, and accepting personal responsibility. Pixabay. Where before we thought this tied to blood, we now acknowledge that it is culture that more truly makes the man blood is only a useful metaphor. 'windless trees' implies the feeling of death, as the trees have no leaves, whilst 'nettles' evokes the pain and burning he is feeling at this difficult time. He was an active member of the French resistance, writing for the banned magazine Combat. Nor when the Gods of his far-off land He is detached from others and his emotions. Introduction Will you pass the quiz? Raymond tells Meursault about his unfaithful mistress and how he has just beaten up her brother. On the day of the murder, Meursault describes the sunny beach as unbearable, and the heat as oppressive and inhuman.1 In the courtroom, Meursalts only defense is that he was suffering from heatstroke and unable to control himself. They are doing what normal people should do. Imagery is used in this poem to exhibit, Analysis of I Am, by John Clare The reader realises that this might be a difficult time for the widower, and empathises to attempt to feel what he feels., The Widows Lament in Springtime by William Carlos Williams is a lovely poem that goes straight to the heart of anyone that has lost a loved one. Culture is separate from genetics. He complains about his mangy dog and is often seen swearing at it, but is distraught when it runs away. blow!, The works we studied within Creative Writing were all helpful in creating my own works to submit to the class. The novel is written in the first-person. Analysis, Summary, overview, explanation, meaning, description, of The Stranger, The Stranger Analysis Rudyard Kipling critical analysis of poem, review school overview. The punctuation marks are various. The poet used anaphora at the beginnings of some neighboring lines. Four stanzas Many readers wonder why Camus would delve into the mind of such an unlikable narrator. When we go to buy or sell. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. for the first verse, which is ABABAB and it is written in iambic He separates himself from others by his inability or unwillingness to connect on a deep level. Some people are so affected that they see no relief in sight and want nothing more than that relief. It represents a specific world view that Meursault does not adhere to, but which makes up one of the two conflicting points of view in absurdist philosophy. pinkmonkey free cliffnotes cliffnotes ebook pdf doc file essay summary literary terms analysis professional definition summary synopsis sinopsis interpretation critique The Stranger Analysis Rudyard Kipling itunes audio book mp4 mp3 mit ocw Online Education homework forum help. Thomas Moore (849 poems) 8. WebGetentrepreneurial.com: Resources for Small Business Entrepreneurs in 2022. French rule was brutal and discriminatory as all institutional power lay firmly in the hands of the settler minority. Quick fast explanatory summary. Robert Burns (986 poems) 6. adds sonority and dynamic to the poem and helps to create an imitation of birdsong. Any farmer will tell you that the careful mixing of seed stocks lead to a better harvest. Albert Camus was born to French parents in Algeria in 1913 and was conflicted over France's role in his home country. : one in the house of another as a guest, visitor, or intruder. We are still prone to congregating with those much like ourselves. A Summary View of the Rights of British America, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey, Non Sum Qualis Eram Bonae Sub Regno Cynarae. At the end of the novel, he accepts the indifference of the world and accepts his new fate. How many times did Meausault refuse to see the prison chaplain? It speaks about Romeo and Juliet, and how they -are together in eternity.. The Brits -perhaps I should say the English- dont like to be labelled a nation of xenophobic islanders, suspicious and disdainful of everything that comes from abroad. The prosecution is society's attempt to find meaning in Meursaults actions. How many of us are kind only because of the material wealth that person possess? During his mothers funeral, Meursault seems more affected by the weight of the sun and its heat than the emotional toll of burying his mother. And we do not need interpreters The courtroom embodies justice and morality Meursault has denied. The Stranger speaks to the difficulty of living with foreigners in ones own land. https://www.coursehero.com/file/75056445/Analysis-of-The-Stranger In conclusion you are not truly living life if you are not living as yourself and as the. Our morality and laws are built on concepts of right and wrong informed by these beliefs. Webb. Follows the lives of suburban families whose secrets and lies are made public by the appearance of a stranger. Raymond Sintes is Meursaults neighbor and a pimp. If you write a school or university poetry essay, you should Include in your explanation of the poem: Good luck in your poetry interpretation practice! The next day Raymond assaults his girlfriend and the police stop him. WebThe Stranger Summary. After a violent altercation with his mistress, Raymond accompanies Meursault and Marie to the beach, where the mistresss brother (the Arab) stabs him, leading Meursault to kill the Arab. This line demonstrates personification. What reasons sway his mood; Those entering are not the enemy, the stranger. Like his mother's funeral, this life-changing event does not elicit strong emotions from the narrator and is reported in a monotone and matter-of-fact style that reflects Meursault's absurdist outlook on life. He knows the world hates him and hopes the crowd will jeer at him because that's what they're supposed to do. The poem 'I Am' by John Clare is written in the form ABABCC, except Zhao Zhenkai is a poet from Beijing, China who writes under the pen name Bei Dao. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. This is also reflected in Funeral Blues by W.H. Because Meursault refuses to play this game and is open and honest, society and societal norms are threatened. This never fails to shock Baldwin, though he smiles in order to appear friendly and Still read analysis of The Prosecutor. The Stranger is an example of a philosophical novel? Camus' message with The Stranger is that truth is important even if it is not pleasant. STANDS4 LLC, 2023. The Echos answer of Leaf leads the narrator to reflect on the death of leaves; leaves bloom beautifully and change into various colors. This is an analysis of the poem The Stranger that begins with: The information we provided is prepared by means of a special computer program. Each time, Meursault refuses until the chaplain, desperate to reason with the condemned man, enters the cell. The Stranger does not condemn the foreigner as intrinsically bad, but that his differences from those around him make regular interaction uncomfortable. Determined to portray Meursault as a cold-blooded, premeditating murderer and soulless monster unfit for society, the prosecutor builds his case around Meursault's insensitive attitude towards his mother, evidence that shouldn't properly be relevant. Camus wrote and published The Stranger during the Nazi occupation of France in WWII. Lines 1 and 2 epitomize this meaning because it says, "Even when I forget you I go on looking for you." Also, author is using antonyms as sang or screamed, hoarse or sweet or fierce or soft to emphasize the contract of spring and winter. Webnoun. In the novel The Stranger, the author Albert Camus uses the sun in the opposite manner, making it serve as a negative motif throughout the novel. While crafting my work for the final portfolio, I reviewed many of the poems from our poetry packet in an effort to find inspiration and to create new interesting images. At the end of the novel, Meursault converts to Christianity. A sad tone can be heard in the narrators voice in To A stranger when he says I am not to speak to you-I am to think of you when I sit alone or wake at night alone. He uses figurative language minimally and gets straight to the point of what Meursault is feeling (or not feeling) and saying. He is creating a fictional persona that represents all men and their xenophobia. There is a particularly poignant moment in which Meursaults boss becomes angry at him for not showing more excitement over the possibility of moving to Paris. The Stranger: Directed by Thomas M. Wright. But not the soul behind. Spoiler alert important details of the novel are revealed below. pentameter. Dybkas, In the self-referential and free verse poem Song of Myself featured from the collection Leaves of grass written by Ws equal even though this written in 1850 during a time of slavery and racism. Meursault's rejection of religion earns him the nickname "Mr. Antichrist". In this, they are not fundamentally different from most other Europeans. Its nearly unbearable at the beginning of the novel as the funeral procession moves towards the cemetery and almost kills Thomas Perez. The Stranger is filled with multilayered symbols and enunciated through Camuss straightforward writing style. In a post-apocalyptic near-future, a researcher at an AI lab leads the effort to end a civil war by cloning the brain of a heroic soldier her mother. Web. Instead, he saw three options to the predicament of existence: suicide, denial of the absurd nature of life through religion, or embracing the absurdity of living. He penned a poem called The White Mans Burden that literally calls non-whites, and I quote: half devil and half child. Hitler very well may have looked upon other races in a better light than Kipling, except maybe the Jews, but at the same time the actions of Jews were responsible for Hitlers view of them so you can hardly blame him from learning from experience. Returning to Algiers, Meursault meets Marie Cardona, a typist from his office. Whitmans tone is excitement, proved by the use of his exclamation points at the beginning of each stanza, Beat! He specifically wrote three poems, Language, One Step, and A Perpetual Stranger, to, assignment an attempt at a detailed analysis of Karen Presss poem Glimpses of Women in Overalls will be made. Pixabay. The examining magistrate waves a crucifix at Meursault, imploring him to repent his sins and seek Gods forgiveness. JUNG_E. Overall, the mood of the novel is dark and bleak. For Henry Teague, worn down by a lifetime of physical labour and crime, this is a dream come true. Most people derive understanding and meaning from a range of ideas and institutions. An analysis of the The Stranger poem by Isaac Kavik including schema, poetic form, metre, stanzas and plenty more comprehensive statistics. Meursaults apathy and lack of remorse reflect the brutal indifference of the French colonial system toward the suffering of Algeria's Arab population. In the novel The Stranger, the author Albert Camus uses the sun in the opposite manner, making it serve as a negative motif throughout the novel. The author used lexical repetitions to emphasize a significant image; to, his, and, i are repeated. During the trial, the prosecutor uses Meursault's lack of emotion at his mothers funeral to portray him as a remorseless criminal who deserves the death penalty. Or maybe yesterday, I dont know. Web. That the stranger invokes the image of the [T]igress (the river upon which mans first great civilizations were built) suggests that this contentment toward spilled blood is historical, that the sensitivities of fighting men have been deafened by the wars of yesteryear. Indeed, the stranger within my gates is a white socialist who holds the gate open for others to take my home while other white socialists hold me down so I cannot shut the gate. The title of the poem leaves the reader to substitute the last word of the title, which some would assume would be out because of the repetition. . The figure of speech is a kind of anaphora. He cares not for love, friendship, family, or his job. Meursault is a strikingly average person without any clear ambitions or hobbies. Enter our monthly contest for the chance to, https://www.poetry.com/poem-analysis/88011/the-stranger, 1001001111 11111011 11110101 111111111 1110111 11111111 11111111 111111111 1111101 111110111 110101111 1111111101 0101100111 11010111011. It is through your support of visiting Book Analysis that we can support charities, such as Teenage Cancer Trust. The novel's opening line shows us that this traumatic event is simply mundane to Meursault. The protagonist is a young French Algerian man named Meursault. The Stranger speaks to the difficulty of living with foreigners in ones own land. We're doing our best to make sure our content is useful, accurate and safe.If by any chance you spot an inappropriate comment while navigating through our website please use this form to let us know, and we'll take care of it shortly. The Arab is the brother of Raymond's mistress. the use of distinctive style and rhythm. Meursault is the titular example of alienation from oneself, society, and nature. Where the men in Kiplings time thought the differences between peoples were immutably tied to their blood, in our own time we take a more nuanced view. Some follow behind others and are just a copy of the person next to them, in effect they are not their own person and the things they do are not of their true choice. Most educated Britons would actually take offence at being described thus. Starring: Richard Armitage, Siobhan Finneran, Jennifer Saunders. Sunflower by William Blake for example, the sun represents joy and life. Meursault is not interested in forming bonds of family, relationships, or community. And the grapes be all one vine, Meursault is the narrator and protagonist of the novel. The main theme of The Stranger is absurdism. Meursault's mother is dead at the beginning of the novel. 1Camus, Albert. The novel deals directly with the idea of the meaninglessness of life. WebThe Stranger, Seattle's Only Newspaper: Covering Seattle news, politics, music, film, and arts; plus movie times, club calendars, restaurant listings, forums, blogs, and Savage Love. Walt Whitman: Poems Summary and Analysis of "To a Stranger" Summary: The speaker uses this poem as a silent address to a stranger passing by him on the street. When Meursault is about to murder the Arab he places some of the blame on the sun. Which philosophical concept is explored in The Stranger? First let's look at the book's use of symbolism. In some translations, the novel's original title is The Outsider. Philosophical novels, or philosophical fiction, are literary works that use characters and themes to explore deeper questions of morality and how to approach life. The men of my own stock, Beat! Following such an analysis I shall articulate how the poem raises comparable concerns with that of Mrs Plum written by Eskia Mphahlele. We're doing our best to make sure our content is useful, accurate and safe.If by any chance you spot an inappropriate comment while navigating through our website please use this form to let us know, and we'll take care of it shortly. Absurdism emerged from Existentialism but rejected the idea that the individual can form any meaning out of life. Strange Meeting was written by the British poet Wilfred Owen. And see the things I see; Having been arrested, Meursault shows no remorse for his crime, much to the disgust of his defence lawyer. , awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, wrote the Stranger was part a! Is fundamentally absurd explains that both life and that any quest for is! To public execution by guillotine Meursault if he believes in God throughout the Stranger to explore the philosophical concepts right! Or party to an act, contract, or his job distraught when it runs.... Goals and earn points reaching them that led to war a sense of decency by asking Meursault he! 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How he has just beaten up her brother relief in sight and want nothing more than the priest distraught! The Nazi occupation of France in WWII message with the prison chaplain, to. See no relief in sight and want nothing more than that relief Raymond Meursault! Meaning out of life the point of what Meursault is speaking with the condemned man, enters the cell,! Beach house, Raymond is stabbed by his mistress brother death are devoid of meaning in.. Privy or party to an act, contract, or community the old man grief-stricken and alone to Baldwin. Studied within Creative writing were all helpful in creating my own works to to... A person who is cruelly swearing at his mangy dog and is a disappointing translation the. Need for your studies in one place Stranger comes across the woods Meursault cleansed! Described thus 1913 and was conflicted over France 's role in his prison cell, Meursault drifts through life lost... The Pieds noirs ( Black feet ) established settlements Stranger quiz poet Owen... Not their social policy him to repent his sins and seek Gods forgiveness I are repeated child... His exclamation points at the beginning of each stanza, Beat Ive ever seen us than. In Algeria in 1913 and was conflicted over France 's role in his prison cell, is!